Effect of consuming hi-oleic peanuts on adiposity and cardiometabolic health

s / Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 1 (2014) 1e55 20 EFFECT OF CONSUMING HI-OLEIC PEANUTS ON ADIPOSITY AND CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH A.M. Coates , J.A. Barbour , J.D. Buckley , J. Bryan , P.R.C. Howe. Nutritional Physiology Research Centre Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Australia; Department of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Australia; Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Australia E-mail: alison.coates@unisa.edu.au (A.M. Coates) Background/Aims: Epidemiological evidence indicates an inverse association between nut consumption and obesity, inflammation, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance. We sought to investigate whether daily consumption of hi-oleic peanuts compared with a nut free diet improved adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk markers. Methods: Sixty one healthy participants (mean ± SD age 65 ± 1 years, BMI 31 ± 1 kg/m2) consumed hi-oleic peanuts (56 g/day for 32 women; 84 g/d for 29 men) or a nut free diet for 12 weeks, in a randomised cross-over design. Body mass, body composition (measured by dual emission x-ray absorptiometry), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, glucose and insulin were assessed at baseline and at the end of each 12-week period. Repeated measures analysis controlling for baseline was used to compare the two diets. Results: Energy intake was 9 % higher (780 kJ, p < 0.05), with no difference in energy expenditure following the peanut phase compared with the control diet. This was attributed to a 23% (22 g) increase in fat intake (p < 0.001), predominantly monounsaturated (20 g, p < 0.05). Despite the greater energy and monounsaturated fat intakes during the peanut phase compared with the nut free diet, there were no differences in body weight, body composition and other cardio-metabolic risk markers (lipids, CRP, glucose and insulin). Conclusions: Consumption of hi-oleic peanuts did not alter cardio-metabolic biomarkers or body composition despite the additional energy and monounsaturated fat intake. It is possible that incomplete nutrient absorption occurred, resulting in reduced energy utilisation from the peanuts. Funding source(s): ARC, Peanut Company of Australia. BIOFORTIFIED PRODUCE e QUEEN GARNET, A NEW HIGH ANTHOCYAN PLUM M. Netzel , A. Bobrich , B. Topp , D. Russel , G. Netzel , B. Flanagan , M.J. Gidley , K.J. Fanning . Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD, Australia; AgriScience Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Coopers Plains QLD, Australia E-mail: m.netzel@uq.edu.au (M. Netzel) Background/Aims: Recent publications indicate that the consumption of dietary anthocyanins from fresh food, juice or puree may exert protection against cardiovascular risk factors and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability and metabolism of anthocyanins from Queen Garnet plum (QGP), a new, high anthocyanin plum. Methods: In vitro: blended QGP was subjected to simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion and the bioaccessible anthocyanins were analysed by HPLC-photodiode array detection (PDA)-MS. In vivo: Ten healthy men (18-35 years; mean ± SD BMI: 22.9 ± 3.2 kg/m2) consumed 400 mL QGP juice (QGPJ; 0.95 mmol total anthocyanins and 8.6 mmol total polyphenols) or water (control) in a randomised cross-over design. Urinary excretion of intact anthocyanins and metabolites was analysed up to 24 h post-intake by HPLC-PDA-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Differences between treatments were tested using one-way ANOVA. Results: The amount of bioaccessible cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin3-rutinoside from QGP was relatively high (59%) whereas the urinary excretion, mainly as methylated, glucuronidated and sulphated metabolites, was low (0.2% of the ingested dose). Urinary hippuric acid, a colonic/ hepatic polyphenol/anthocyanin “end-metabolite”, was increased 4.5-fold (p < 0.05) after QGPJ consumption (4.35 vs. 0.97 mmol/24 h). Malondialdehyde was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) after QGPJ consumption. Conclusions: It is suggested that QGP anthocyanins are (1) readily bioaccessible, which may be due to the high content in the flesh, and (2) subjected to an intensive metabolism in vivo which may alter their bioactivity and subsequently “dietary value”. Follow-up studies are in progress to investigate this further. Funding source(s): HAL and Nutrafruit Pty Ltd. Concurrent session 6: micronutrients and biomarkers METALLOTHIONEIN (MT-2A) GENE EXPRESSION IS UPREGULATED AFTER ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS A. Chu , S. Ward , K. Zaman , M. Foster , P. Petcoz , S. Samman . Discipline of Nutrition & Metabolism, School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Australia E-mail: achu7215@uni.sydney.edu.au (A. Chu) Background/Aims: In in vitro studies, zinc has been shown to affect the gene expression of zinc transporters and metallothioneins (MT), which are responsible for regulating cellular zinc homeostasis. Expression of these genes may provide novel biomarkers of zinc status in humans. Methods: Healthy adults (n 1⁄4 39) were randomised to a zinc supplement group (20 mg elemental Zn/day; n 1⁄4 19) or no treatment (n 1⁄4 20) for 21 days. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 2, 7, 14 and 21. Plasma zinc concentrations were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and mRNA expression of zinc transporters, MT-1A and MT-2A were analysed using real-time PCR. Repeated-measures ANOVA were used to test differences between groups. Results: Thirty-fiveparticipants completed the trial (zinc,n1⁄4 17; control,n1⁄4 18). In the zinc group, plasma zinc concentrations increased frombaseline by 0.98 ± 0.67 mmol/L (mean ± SEM) on day 21 (p 1⁄4 0.316). MT-2A expressions were significantly different between groups (p < 0.05) with a significant increaseonday2 in the zinc group (35±17%,p<0.05).No significant changes were observed in other measured gene expression of zinc transporters. Within-subject coefficients of variation in gene expression of zinc transporters and MT ranged from 19-35% (n 1⁄4 18). Gene expressions of zinc transporters andMTwere not related to plasma zinc or habitual dietary zinc. Conclusions: This pilot study showed up-regulation of MT gene expression following zinc supplementation and may be reflective of increased dietary zinc intake over the preceding days. Funding source(s): University of Sydney andMeat and Livestock Australia. LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF DETERMINANTS OF SEASONAL VARIATION IN VITAMIN D STATUS IN OLDER ADULTS J. Pittaway , K.D.K. Ahuja , J. Beckett , M.L. Bird , I. Robertson , M. Ball . 1 School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS,