Radiation exposure to the surgeon during minimally invasive spine procedures is directly estimated by patient dose

Purpose Radiation exposure is a necessary component of minimally invasive spine procedures to augment limited visualization of anatomy. The surgeon’s exposure to ionizing radiation is not easily recognizable without a digital dosimeter—something few surgeons have access to. The aim of this study was to identify an easy alternative method that uses the available radiation dose data from the C-arm to accurately predict physician exposure.