Влияние минеральных удобрений на экономические показатели возделываемых сортов озимой ржи в условиях Республики Марий Эл

The current paper has presented the results obtained in the trials to study the productivity of four winter rye varieties. The trials carried out in 2015-2018 on the experimental plots of the Mari Research Institute, on sod-podzolic medium clay soil, in three-factor variant (varieties, basic fertilizing, nitrogen additional fertilizing). Mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on rye productivity increase, thereby reducing the cost of the produced grain and improving the profitability of its production. The best economic indicators in the production of food grain of the variety “Tatiana” were obtained on the option with double nitrogen fertilization (N 45 with the resumption of spring vegetation + N 15 in the earing phase), the net cost of a kilogram of grain was 3.72 rubles, the level of production profitability was 88%. When cultivating the variety “Moskovskaya 15”, grain with the lowest net cost of 3.99 rubles/kg with 75% of profitability was obtained in the variant with the introduction of N 15 in foliage spraying in the earing phase. On the same variant, the grain of the variety “Rada” was harvested with the same economic estimated indicators (3.27 rubles of net cost of a kilogram of grain and 114% of profitability). For the variety “Yantarnoye” the same option was the most profitable, where the net cost was 3.89 rubles/kg, the profitability was 96%. Over the years of research, the most economically profitable production of food grain (4.1-5.3 t/ha) was the cultivation of winter rye variety “Rada” against the background of natural soil fertility with the use of nitrogen additional fertilizing. The productivity of the variety “Rada” with the basic fertilizing “Azophoska” at a dose of 0.15 t/ha in variants with nitrogen additional fertilizing was on average 18% higher and varied from 4.8 to 6.6 t/ha, while the net cost of a kilogram of grain increased from 0 to 50 kopecks, or 1-14% compared to an unfavorable background.