Why CMOS-integrated transducers? A review

In many applications up to millions of sensors or actuators have to be interconnected to each other and/or to the outside world, making the monolithic integration of circuitry mandatory. This monolithic integration is also pursued for mass-produced transducers because of economical reasons. CMOS-integrated transducers are thus found in imaging transducers arrays and mass-produced physical sensors. In addition, integrated biochemical sensor arrays can be CMOS-integrated.