Estudo dos fatores de risco nutricionais, clínicos, bioquímicos e comportamentais para as doenças cardiovasculares na população do ensino fundamental de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2006.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular risk factors, such as, arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, sedentary life stile and diabetes mellitus already begin in childhood. This study aims to identify risk factors for cardiovascular disorders in schoolchildren living in Ouro Preto City and to establish cutoff for anthropometrics measures for nutricional screening. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population-based sampling of schoolchildren (6–14 years old). A sample of 850 students was randomly selected and stratified by the proportion of them according age and gender in each schools of the city. The following variables were included: demographic (sex, age), biochemical [levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), triglyceride, glucose], clinical (arterial blood pressure), anthropometric [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat estimated for skinfold thickness and bipolar and tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance], pubertal stage, birth weight, physical activity, sedentary behavior, socioeconomic status (family income) and family history (BMI and arterial blood pressure). Total sample was composed of 47.6% boys and 52.4% girls. We observed that 8.2% and 6.7% schoolchildren were overweight and obese, respectively. In biochemical evaluation, was observed that 23.7% of schoolchildren present borderline levels of cholesterol, and 36.9% increased. 18.6% presented low levels of HDL, while 24% present borderline and 5.8% increased levels of LDL. In relation to triglycerides, 7.5% presented high levels, and 83% are normal. Alteration was not observed in fasting glucose. The prevalence of prehypertension was 1.2% and hypertension level 1 and 2 were 1.2% and 1.5%, respectively. In the curve ROC analysis, verified that BIA-FF as BMI are the methods for obesity screening in population. The method choice for body fat screening must be done according to sexual maturity. We observed obesity risk was greater in subjects presenting high triglyceride and low HDL-c levels, and those whose parents were obese, whilst the risk of hypertension was high in obese subjects and those who presented low birth weight. It was observed that 44.4% of the schoolchildren were exposed to 2 or 3 CVD risk factors and 8.2% were exposed to 4 or 6 factors. We concluded that population presents precocious risk factors, such as overweight, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, sedentary, besides an association among them. The cut-off established can to help in the adiposity detection in order to reduce the probability of the development of CVD in adult life.