An instrumental contribution to include the impact of PV on capacity adequacy in long-term energy models

Long-term energy system models can be used to plan the expansion of generation capacity within a holistic view of the energy system. Some of them are based on linear optimization problems that make use of heuristics to reduce the calculation effort. Nonetheless, most of the existing frameworks lack of heuristics describing the impact of solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration on capacity adequacy. Within this work we propose an important step to include such feature into long-term energy systems models. We based our work on a prior study, which is needed, dealing with the impact of PV penetration on the area under focus. For the considered case study, the (i) peak reduction, the (ii) increase of ramp rates and the (iii) increase of excess energy are not linear and change behavior with PV penetration. We thus define the best piecewise linear functions that linearize such dynamics, by fixing an acceptable error and then choosing those with the lowest number of segments. We finally propose an approach to include such equations into models like OSeMOSYS.