Provinciality of Ostracoda (Crustacea) in the Northeastern and Eastern Brazilian shelves based on neontological and paleontological analyses

2020 
This study analyzes the geographical distribution of 131 podocopid ostracod species recovered from the Brazilian continental shelf between Cabo de Sao Roque (lat. 05°30’S) and Cabo Frio (lat. 23oS). This very large area corresponds to the northeastern and eastern Brazilian marine regions. The 104 samples studied were collected in water depths ranging from 12 to 110 m as part of the legs 4 and 7 of the REMAC Project. The cosmopolitan species, as well as those shared with the Caribbean and/or Gulf of Mexico region, represent a small part of the ostracods herein studied and it is assumed that their dispersion was prompted by processes linked to events of relative sea level changes during the Neogene and Quaternary. The fossil record of some species spans to the Neogene, mostly from the Atlantic coast of North and Central America, while one species has Tethyan origin. Three species known from the Neogene of the Caribbean have been recorded as relicts in the study area. From the 131 species herein identified, 36.5% are more widespread in temperate waters south of Cabo Frio town, 46.5% of warm waters north of Cabo Frio town, 4% are present only in the studied area, and 11.5% are rare and probably restricted to the E region. A new province – the Brazilian Province – is herein proposed based on the species occurrence. Keywords: South Atlantic, biodiversity, Podocopida, neritic zone. Este trabalho analisa a distribuicao geografica de 131 especies de ostracodes podocopideos registradas na plataforma continental brasileira entre o Cabo de Sao Roque (lat. 05°30’S) e Cabo Frio (lat. 23oS), uma imensa area correspondente as regioes marinhas nordeste e leste. As 104 amostras estudadas foram coletadas em profundidades de 12 a 110 m como parte das expedicoes numeros 4 e 7 do Projeto REMAC. As especies cosmopolitas, assim como as compartilhadas com a regiao do Caribe e/ou Golfo do Mexico, representam uma pequena parte dos ostracodes aqui analisados, e supoe-se que sua dispersao foi influenciada por processos ligados a eventos de mudancas relativas do nivel do mar durante o Neogeno e o Quaternario. O registro fossil de algumas especies se estende ao Neogeno, principalmente da costa atlântica das Americas do Norte e Central, enquanto uma especie tem origem no Mar de Tetis. Tres especies conhecidas do Neogeno do Caribe foram registradas como relictos na area de estudo. Das 131 especies identificadas, 36,5% sao mais amplamente distribuidas nas aguas temperadas ao sul da cidade de Cabo Frio, 46,5% ocorrem nas aguas quentes ao norte da cidade de Cabo Frio, 4% estao presentes apenas na area estudada e 11,5% sao raras e provavelmente restritas para a regiao leste. Uma nova provincia, denominada Provincia Brasileira, e aqui proposta respaldada no padrao de distribuicao das especies. Palavras-chave: Atlântico Sul, biodiversidade, Podocopida, zona neritica.
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