Chapter 2 – Atoms and nuclei

This chapter distinguishes between the overall atom and its central nucleus. A periodic table of the elements is provided for reference. The calculation of atomic density according to both isotopic atom and mass fraction is presented. The Maxwellian distribution of gas particle speeds is introduced. The Bohr model of the atom is described so as to understand photon emissions from electrons changing orbital levels. Nomenclature associated with nuclear structure is established including atomic number (Z) and atomic mass number (A). The physical size of an atom is shown to be much larger than the nucleus. Calculation of the nuclear binding energy and mass defect are explained.