Diferenciación y distancia genética entre cerdos criollos venezolanos: Cerdos criollos venezolanos

espanolCon el objetivo de analizar la diferenciacion y distancia genetica entre cerdos criollos venezolanos se tomaron muestras de pelo de individuos de Capanaparo (n = 29), Cunaviche (n = 32), Guadarrama (n = 31), El Socorro (n = 26), Hato Masaguaral (n = 22), Guayabal (n = 31), asi como los grupos referenciales Landrace (n = 21), Large White (n = 14), Alentejano(n = 29) e Iberico (n = 30). En el Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular del Centro de Investigaciones en Biotecnologia Agricola en el Instituto de Genetica de la Facultad de Agronomia de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, se extrajo ADN de los foliculos pilosos. Se utilizaron 13 marcadores microsatelites: S0005, S0155, S0215, S0218, S0225, S0227, SW24, SW240, SW632, SW857, SW911, SW936 y SW951. Se amplificaron los fragmentos por la tecnica de PCR, se ejecuto electroforesis vertical en geles de poliacrilamida y los fragmentos se revelaron con nitrato de plata. Se calcularon los estadistico “F”, “GST” y se realizo el analisis factorial de correspondencias multiples, se obtuvieron las distancia DC y DA y se construyeron los dendrogramas usando la metodologia del vecino mas cercano. El “FIT” oscilo entre 0,029 y 0,414; “FIS” entre -0,126 y 0,414; “FST” entre 0,026 y 0,241; “GST” entre 0,043 y 0,293. Las menores distancias se observaron entre los cerdos de El Socorro y Arismendi, y estos a su vez proximos a las razas comerciales. Por otro lado, los cerdos de Guayabal, Capanaparo y Cunaviche se ubicaron en cluster separados, siendo los cerdos de Cunaviche los mas cercanos a los cerdos de la Peninsula iberica. Se concluye que existe subdivision y diferenciacion moderada entre las poblaciones de cerdos criollos venezolanos, estando algunos grupos cercanos a las razas comerciales y otros a los cerdos provenientes de la Peninsula iberica. EnglishIn order to analyze the differentiation and genetics distance between Venezuelan Creole pigs, hairlesssamples were taken from individuals from Capanaparo (n = 29), Cunaviche (n = 32), Guadarrama (n = 31), ElSocorro (n = 26), Hato Masaguaral (n = 22), Guayabal (n = 31), as well as Landrace (n = 21), Large White (n = 14),Alentejano (n = 29) and Iberico (n = 30) reference groups. In the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Center forResearch in Agricultural Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics Faculty of Agronomy, Central University of Venezuela,DNA was extracted from the hair follicles. Were used 13 microsatellite markers: S0155, S0215, S0218, S0225, S0227,SW24, SW240, SW632, SW857, SW911, SW936 y SW951. The fragments were amplified by PCR technique, verticalelectrophoresis was performed on polyacrylamide gels, and the fragments was revealed with silver nitrate. The “F”,“GST” statistics was calculated and the multiple correspondence factorial analyses was performed, the DCand DAdistances were obtained and the dendrogram was constructed using neighbor joining methodology. The “FIT” rangedbetween 0.029 and 0.414;“FIS” between -0.126 and 0.414;“FST” between 0.026 and 0.241;“GST” between 0.043 and0.0293. The smallest distances was observed between El Socorro and Arismendi pigs, and these turn close tocommercial breeds. On the other hand, Guayabal, Capanaparo and Cunaviche pigs were located in separated cluster,being the Cunaviche pigs the closest to the Iberian Peninsula pigs. It is conclude that there is subdivision andmoderate differentiation between Venezuelan Creole pig populations, being some groups close to the commercialbreeds and others to pigs from Iberian Peninsula.