New T-cell receptor gamma haplotypes in wild mice and evidence for limited Tcrg-V gene polymorphism

Tcrg gene polymorphism was investigated by Southern blot analysis on a panel of laboratory and wild mouse strains using a set of probes which identify all known Tcrg-V and -C genes. Only three haplotypes are found in laboratory mice: gA, gB, and gC which are represented by BALB/c, AKR, and DBA/2 prototypes respectively. gA and gC haplotypes are the most frequent among laboratory mice whereas gB is poorly represented. Seven new haplotypes are described among 23 wild mice corresponding to four Mus musculus subspecies (Mus mus domesticus, castaneus, musculus, and molossinus). However, only a few new alleles of individual genes are observed. Tcrg-V genes located at the 5′ end of the Tcrg locus (V7 and V4) appear to be nonpolymorphic whereas two Tcrg-V3,-V5,-V6,-C4 and three Tcr-V1,-V2,-C1,-C2, and -C3 specific restriction fragment length polymorphisms are detected. These results indicate a relatively high degree of conservation of Tcrg genes as compared to other members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene family and might be related to the specificity and function of γδ T cells. Several of the new haplotypes described here result from point mutations in noncoding Tcrg-V or -C gene-flanking regions. Recombinations may have also participated in the evolution of the Tcrg locus. Finally, these new Tcrg haplotypes are unequally distributed among the four M. m. subspecies and support the idea that the gA and gC haplotypes found in laboratory mice are inherited from M. m. domesticus whereas gB might originated from asian subspecies (castaneus, musculus or molossinus).