The cytocompatability of polyhydroxyalkanoates coated with a fusion protein of PHA repressor protein (PhaR) and Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Asp-Val (KQAGDV) polypeptide

Abstract Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of polyesters with biodegradability, biocompatibility and adjustable mechanical properties that are under intensive development for bioimplant applications. In this research, a fusion protein of PHA repressor protein (PhaR) and Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Asp-Val (KQAGDV) oligopeptide (PhaR-KQAGDV) was utilized to enhance the PHA cytocompatability via a mechanism of PhaR hydrophobically binding to PHA coupled with KQAGDV oligopeptide, a specific ligand to the integrins on the cell surface, for promotion of cell adhesion. The PhaR-KQAGDV fusion protein successfully produced and purified from recombinant E. coli was used to coat the surfaces of several PHA including poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB4HB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx), respectively. The PhaR was observed to bind efficiently on all PHA surfaces measured by the fluorescence intensity of PhaR-EGFP as compared to the uncoated (PhaR negative) PHA films. The PHA surface hydrophilicity measured by water contact angles was significantly improved after PhaR-KQAGDV coating. Observations under confocal microscope and scanning electron microscopy, together with CCK-8 assays clearly demonstrated that adhesion and proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (HvSMCs) inoculated on PHA films were much better on PhaR-KQAGDV coated surfaces than the non-coated control ones. The convenient physical coating approach for enhanced PHA cytocompatibility provides an advantage for PHA based tissue engineering.