Scoliosis with hyperkyphosis combines in 20% of cases with Scheuermann's disease, and is more frequent in males

Scoliosis with combined increase of the curves on the sagittal plane is 8.3%. In this subgroup, males are 24.4%. Radiographic signs of Scheuermann’s disease have been found in 45 patients (23.3% of the 201 subjects under study). Among those, 14 were male (31.1%) and 31 female. Comparing to the classification according to Lenke, 6 of them were of type 1, 31 of type 3, and 8 of type 5. Conclusion Among IS with combined hyperkyphosis, the prevalence of the male sex is greater than what is reported for the common form of IS. According to our results, in a significant number of idiopathic scoliosis, alterations related to Scheuermann’s disease have been reported in one or more vertebrae: in these cases the rate of males slightly increases. This could imply the exclusion of this subgroup from IS.