Metal–organic framework-derived yolk–shell hollow Ni/NiO@C microspheres for bifunctional non-enzymatic glucose and hydrogen peroxide biosensors

Reliable determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose is vital in various fields, especially implicated in diagnosis of diabetes and oxidative stress-related diseases. Herein, yolk–shell hollow Ni/NiO@C microspheres were template-synthesized with well-defined Ni-MOF (metal–organic framework) and further worked as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for glucose oxidation in alkaline solution and H2O2 reduction in neutral solution, of which the unique structure and rich pore openings provide large accessible surface areas, while the uniformly distributed Ni, NiO and C efficiently catalyze and facilitate the reaction of glucose and H2O2, thus achieving a wide linear range of 0.01 to 10 mM with a sensitivity of 1291 μA mM−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.116 μM for glucose and offering a sensitivity of 32.09 μA mM−1 cm−2, a detection limit of 0.9 μM and a linear range up to 80.7 mM for H2O2, as well as good selectivity, excellent reproducibility and long-term stability for two analytes. What’s more, the as-constructed sensors realize quantitative detection glucose in blood serum with satisfying results and can use to monitor H2O2 in neutral situation. This work opens an avenue to design high-performance sensoring materials but also becomes a great candidate in practical application.