Simple carbazole-based hole transporting materials with fused benzene ring substituents for efficient perovskite solar cells

Two simple carbazole-based hole-transporting materials (HTMs) substituted with fused aromatic rings (Cz-N and Cz-Pyr) were synthesized in high yield and tested in perovskite solar cells (PSC). Cz-Pyr appears as a very promising HTM owing to its easy synthesis, relatively high Tg and high efficiency, outperforming the reference HTM Spiro-OMeTAD in PSCs.