PERFIL NUTRICIONAL DE HIPERTENSOS EM ACOMPANHAMENTO EM UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE DO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO LUÍS – MA

A Hipertensao Arterial (HA) e considerada um problema de saude publica, muitas vezes assintomatica e de dificil controle, que pode levar a sequelas irreversiveis.  O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar de pacientes hipertensos. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, com pacientes hipertensos cadastrados no programa HiperDia (MS), em acompanhamento em duas Unidades Basicas de Saude, em Sao Luis – MA, no periodo de fevereiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011. Foram analisados dados socioeconomicos, demografcos, estilo de vida, antropometricos e dieteticos. Para avaliar o estado nutricional foram utilizados o Indice de Massa Corporea (IMC) e a Circunferencia da Cintura (CC), segundo as recomendacoes propostas pela Organizacao Mundial de Saude (OMS). Para avaliar o consumo energetico e de nutrientes foi utilizado o metodo do registro alimentar de tres dias, transformados posteriormente em recordatorio alimentar de 24 horas (R24h). Foram avaliados 184 pacientes, com media de idade de 60,8 ± 12,9 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (76,6%), de cor nao branca (85,9%), com menos de oito anos de escolaridade (75%) e com renda familiar inferior a quatro salarios minimos (53,3%). Quanto ao estilo de vida, 94,6% nao fumavam, 80,4% nao ingeriam bebida alcoolica e 77,6% eram sedentarios. Houve prevalencia de excesso de peso entre a amostra estudada (69,0%). A proporcao de pacientes com obesidade abdominal foi de 54,3%, com maior frequencia entre as mulheres (64,5%). Os percentuais de macronutrientes encontraram-se adequados, entretanto, o consumo energetico e de fbra encontraram-se abaixo do recomendado, segundo as DRI’s (2002). Assim, houve predominio de excesso de peso e de obesidade abdominal e o consumo energetico foi inadequado para ambos os sexos. Descritores: Hipertensao Arterial; Estado Nutricional; Consumo Alimentar; Macronutrientes.  Abstract:   Arterial Hypertension (AH) is considered a problem of public health, often asymptomatic and diffcult to control, which can lead to irreversible sequels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and dietary intake of hypertensive patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study with hypertensive patients enrolled in the program HiperDia (MS), followed in two Basic Health Units in Sao Luis - MA, from February 2010 to January 2011. We analyzed the data on socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and dietary factors. To evaluate the nutritional status, it was used the body mass index (BMI) and also the waist circumference (WC), according to the recommendations proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The energy and nutrients evaluation was evaluated by using the method of three-day food record, subsequently processed into 24-hour dietary recall (24HR). We appraised 184 patients with a mean age of 60.8 ± 12.9 years, mostly female (76.6%), non-Caucasian (85.9%), with less than eight years of schooling (75%) and household income less than four minimum salaries (53.3%). About the  lifestyle, 94.6% did not smoke, 80.4% did not drink alcohol and 77.6% were sedentary. There was a prevalence of overweight among the study sample (69.0%), no statistically signifcant difference between sexes. Regarding the distribution of body fat, the proportion of patients with abdominal obesity was 54.3%, according to waist circumference, more frequently among women (64.5%). The percentages of macronutrients found to be adequate, but, energy consumption and fber were under the recommended ones, according to DRI’s (2002). Thus, there was a predominance of overweight and abdominal obesity and caloric intake was inadequate for both sexes. Descriptors: Hypertension; Nutritional Status; Food Consumption; Macronutrients.