Fecal calprotectin one year after ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease — A comparison with findings at ileocolonoscopy

Abstract Background and Aims Ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease is commonly performed. The severity of endoscopic lesions in the anastomotic area one year postoperatively is considered to reflect the subsequent clinical course. Fecal calprotectin (FC) has been shown to correlate with the findings at ileocolonoscopy in Crohn's disease. The objectives of this study were to assess whether the concentration of FC reflects the endoscopic findings one year after ileocaecal resection and to evaluate the variation of FC in individual patients during 6 months prior to the ileocolonoscopy. Methods Thirty patients with Crohn's disease and ileocaecal resection performed within one year were included. Stool samples were delivered monthly until an ileocolonoscopy was performed one year postoperatively. Results One year after surgery the median values of FC were not significantly different between the patients in endoscopic remission (n = 17) and the patients with an endoscopic recurrence (189 (75–364) vs 227 (120–1066)μg/g; p = 0.25). However, most patients with low values were in remission and all patients with high (> 600 μg/g) calprotectin values had recurrent disease. The variability of the FC concentration was most pronounced in patients with diarrhea. Conclusions We found no statistical difference in the concentrations of calprotectin between patients in endoscopic remission and patients with a recurrent disease one year after ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease. However, among the minority of patients with low or high values, FC indicated remission and recurrence, respectively. There was significant variation of the fecal calprotectin concentrations over time, which affects the utility of calprotectin in clinical practice.