Prognostic Value of Computed Tomography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve Comparison With Myocardial Perfusion Imaging.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the incremental prognostic value of coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CCTA)-derived machine learning fractional flow reserve CT (ML-FFRct) versus that of ischemia detected on single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) on incident cardiovascular outcomes. Background SPECT MPI and ML-FFRct are noninvasive tools that can assess the hemodynamic significance of coronary atherosclerotic disease. Methods We studied a retrospective cohort of consecutive patients who underwent clinically indicated CCTA and SPECT MPI. ML-FFRct was computed using a ML prototype. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction (D/MI), and the secondary outcome was D/MI and unplanned revascularization, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) occurring more than 90 days postimaging. Multiple nested multivariate cox regression was used to model a scenario wherein an initial anatomical assessment was followed by a functional assessment. Results A total of 471 patients (mean age: 64 ± 13 year; 53% males) were included. Comorbidities were prevalent (78% hypertension, 66% diabetes, 81% dyslipidemia). ML-FFRct was  Conclusions In a high-risk patient cohort, SPECT MPI but not ML-FFRct adds independent and incremental prognostic information to CCTA-based anatomical assessment and clinical risk factors in predicting incident outcomes.