Engineered nanosponges as versatile biodegradable carriers: An insight

Abstract Nanotechnology-based advances in nanosponges have impacted the field of drug delivery of biomacromolecules to maximize therapeutic efficacy along with minimizing its untoward effects. Several approaches have been exploited not only to develop nanosponges for targeted and controlled drug delivery but also for photothermal therapy, blood purification, and solubility enhancement. Nanosponges have emerged as a tool of nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery. In order to achieve specific targeted delivery, these tiny sponges can circulate within the body until they encounter its target site to release the drug in a controlled and programmed manner. Recently, various software-based approaches have also been used for the optimization of nanosponges. There are several applications of nanosponges such as increased bioavailability, stability, reduced irritancy and many more. This review attempts to elaborate on merits and demerits, methods of preparation, characterization, optimization approaches, applications, and recent advances in nanosponges.