Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) is the second most common primary liver cancer, which may arise at any point in the biliary tree, from small intra-hepatic bile ducts to the common bile duct. The reported autopsy incidence of the CCC is estimated from 0.01 to 0.5% [1]. Most tumors occur in the age group of 50–70 years. A number of factors or disease have been implicated to the development of CCC. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a major risk factor with an interval between the diagnosis of sclerosin cholangitis and CCC ranging from 1 to more than 25 years [2]. Other rare conditions associated with the development of CCC include ulcerative colitis, bile-duct adenoma, multiple biliary papillomatosis and pancreaticobiliary maljunctions [3]. All members of the congenital fibropolycystic family may be complicated by CCC, including congenital hepatic fibrosis, cystic dilatation (Caroli’s syndrome), choledochal cyst, polycystic liver and Von Meyenburg complexes [4].