Wearable Bioelectronics: Enzyme-Based Body-Worn Electronic Devices

ConspectusIn this Account, we detail recent progress in wearable bioelectronic devices and discuss the future challenges and prospects of on-body noninvasive bioelectronic systems. Bioelectronics is a fast-growing interdisciplinary research field that involves interfacing biomaterials with electronics, covering an array of biodevices, encompassing biofuel cells, biosensors, ingestibles, and implantables. In particular, enzyme-based bioelectronics, built on diverse biocatalytic reactions, offers distinct advantages and represents a centerpiece of wearable biodevices. Such wearable bioelectronic devices predominately rely on oxidoreductase enzymes and have already demonstrated considerable promise for on-body applications ranging from highly selective noninvasive biomarker monitoring to epidermal energy harvesting. These systems can thus greatly increase the analytical capability of wearable devices from the ubiquitous monitoring of mobility and vital signs, toward the noninvasive analysis of important chem...