The effect of diclofenac sodium intoxication on the cardiovascular system in rats

Abstract Objectives Diclofenac sodium (DS) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Although its high doses are known to cause toxic effects in many tissues including liver and kidney, the effects on the cardiovascular system (CVS) have not been fully elucidated yet. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of DS on CVS. Methods The Control group did not receive medication; however, a single dose of 240 mg/kg DS was administered orally to the DS group. Electrocardiography (ECG) measurements were performed in all animals before (0thhour) and after (1st,6th,12th,24thhour) intoxication. After 24 h, All animals were sacrificed. Biochemical (malondialdehyde [MDA], and glutathione (GSH), Apelin, Elabela, Meteorin, Endoglin, Keap1, and Nrf2) and histopathological analyzes were performed on heart tissue samples. Results ECG results showed that there was a statistically significant increase in QTc, QRS, and heart rate at the 12th and 24th hours in the DS group. The biochemical analysis showed that GSH, Apelin, Keap1, and NRF2 values decreased significantly while Meteorin and Endoglin levels increased in the DS group. When histopathological results were evaluated, distinct lesions were observed in the DS group. Conclusion In conclusion, high doses of DS intake can cause adverse effects on and damage to CVS.