The double queen Dido’s problem ∗
2020
This paper deals with a variation of the classical isoperimetric problem in dimension
$$N\ge 2$$
for a two-phase piecewise constant density whose discontinuity interface is a given hyperplane. We introduce a weighted perimeter functional with three different weights, one for the hyperplane and one for each of the two open half-spaces in which
$${\mathbb {R}}^N$$
gets partitioned. We then consider the problem of characterizing the sets
$$\Omega $$
that minimize this weighted perimeter functional under the additional constraint that the volumes of the portions of
$$\Omega $$
in the two half-spaces are given. It is shown that the problem admits two kinds of minimizers, which will be called type I and type II, respectively. These minimizers are made of the union of two spherical domes whose angle of incidence satisfies some kind of “Snell’s law”. Finally, we provide a complete classification of the minimizers depending on the various parameters of the problem.
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