Peran persepsi keterlibatan orang-tua dan strategi pengasuhan terhadap parenting self-efficacy

Pada anak usia kanak-kanak madya anak mengalami perubahan di beberapa aspek kehidupannya. Hal tersebut menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi orangtua untuk menjalankan proses pengasuhan yang positif. Pengasuhan yang dilakukan orangtua terhadap anak akan memengaruhi perilaku anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh persepsi keterlibatan orangtua (ayah dan ibu) dan strategi pengasuhan secara bersama-sama terhadap parenting self-efficacy. Pengukuran persepsi keterlibatan orangtua menggunakan alat ukur Reported Father Involvement Scales (Finley & Schwartz, 2004) dan Reported Mother Involvement Scales (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008), sedangkan pengukuran strategi pengasuhan menggunakan alat ukur Parenting Strategies Questionnaire (Laforce, 2004). Pengukuran parenting self-efficacy menggunakan alat ukur Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 270 orangtua (ayah atau ibu, boleh tidak berpasangan) yang berusia pada rentang 25-45 tahun dan memiliki anak yang usianya kanak-kanak madya (5-12 tahun). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh persepsi keterlibatan ayah dan strategi pengasuhan secara bersama-sama secara signifikan terhadap parenting self-efficacy F (2, 267) = 13,805, p<0,01. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh persepsi keterlibatan ibu dan strategi pengasuhan secara bersama-sama secara signifikan terhadap parenting self-efficacy F (2, 267) = 11,021, p<0,01. Pada penelitian ini parenting self-efficacy dapat diprediksi oleh persepsi keterlibatan orangtua di masa lalu dan strategi pengasuhan. Middle childhood children have developmental changes in some aspects. These changes turn out to be challenges for the parents to keep implementing positive parenting. In order to have the positive parenting outcomes, parents ought to have certain level of parenting self efficacy. How parents perceived their parent involvement when they’re still kids might have impact on how they feel capable in their involvement when they do parenting proces to their children now. What types of parenting strategies they chose might also give impact to their parenting self efficacy. This quantitative study aimed to examine the contribution of perceived parent involvement (as a father and/or a mother to his/her middle childhood child) and parenting strategies to parenting self-efficacy. This study used questionnaires to gather data from participants. Reported Father Involvement Scales (Finley & Schwartz, 2004) and Reported Mother Involvement Scales (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008) have been used to measure perceived parent involvement. Parenting Strategies Questionnaire (Laforce, 2004) also have been used to measure the parenting strategies, while parenting self-efficacy was measured by the modification of Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index from Coleman & Karraker (2000). Total participants in this study were 270 parents (a father and/or a mother, aged 25-45 years) with children in middle childhood (aged 5 - 12 years) consisting of 134 fathers and 136 mothers. Participants obtained by convenience sampling technique. The results indicated that perceived parent involvement and parenting strategies together significantly influenced parenting self-efficacy both in fathers (F (2, 267) = 13.805, p<0.01) as well as in mothers (F (2, 267) = 11.021, p<0.01). The implications of this research can be used for parents with middle childhood children and will be discussed in this article.