A Design Technique Based on Equivalent Circuit and Coupler Theory for Broadband Linear to Circular Polarization Converters in Reflection or Transmission Mode

A new approach to designing frequency selective surface (FSS)-based linear to circular polarization (LP–CP) converters is presented. It is based on the use of FSSs which exhibit dual diagonal symmetry, and a novel four-port equivalent circuit able to describe the electrical behavior of the cells for the two linear incident polarizations at the same time. The equivalent circuit allows the use of standardized branch line coupler theory to design LP–CP converters comprising a cascade of an arbitrary number of layers, whose synthesis includes the phase and makes it possible to achieve prescribed electrical conditions systematically. A full design procedure has been developed using the new approach and several designs in both transmission and reflection modes are presented and evaluated. It has been proven that single layer reflective converters exhibit large bandwidths as the two reflected field components are in quadrature independently of the frequency. One of these devices was designed and showed an axial ratio <0.2 dB within the band from 21.5 to 28.5 GHz. The reflective LP–CP converters designed was also manufactured and tested, and the measurements were used to validate the design procedure.