Electric vehicle state of charge management considering voltage profile and owners’ profit improvement using linear programing approach

Due to the high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) to the power grid in recent years, the electricity operators have been encouraged to use the advantages of this new equipment in the peak flattening, voltage profile improvement, reactive power control and fast frequency regulation. Electric vehicles are introduced as an appropriate alternative to small-scale power plants through distributed profits for owners. Since the electric vehicles which are connected to the grids at large-scale, they confer a number of challenges and benefits, while the operation scheduling of traditional distribution networks in their presence will be more complicated. Truthfully, the electric vehicles could be recognized as a demand supplier for a part of the network, however, the intelligent battery charging control should be carefully achieved to keep the network appropriately balanced in power procurement. In this paper, an applicable framework for charging/discharging control of EVs is provided that not only maintains the large scale of vehicles connecting to the grid, but also can improve the voltage profile of buses in each section of the power system. The proposed formulations describe the principles of electric vehicles operation and the state of charge (SOC) control regarding to the owners’ profit optimization.