Nutritional challenges in malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis (MIA)syndrome

Headings are not required in this abstract as material and methods results etc are not involved. Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) have a high prevalence of protein–energy malnutrition and inflammation. As these two conditions occur concomitantly with mild-to-severe atherosclerosis in CKD, these three conditions collectively have been referred to as malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis syndrome (MIA syndrome). but later studies showed that syndrome also exists in preterminal renal failure patients and PD patients. The three components not only coexist but also interact with each other. This article briefly discusses potential nutritional management of MIA syndrome.