Place of Death for Individuals with Chronic Lung Disease: Trends and Associated Factors from 2003 to 2017 in the United States.

Abstract Background Chronic lung disease is a common cause of mortality, yet little is known about where individuals with chronic lung disease die. Research Question What are the trends and factors associated with place of death among individuals with chronic lung disease? Study Design and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of natural deaths using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research from 2003 to 2017 for which chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD), or cystic fibrosis (CF) was the underlying cause. Place of death was categorized as hospital, home, nursing facility, hospice facility, and other. Results From 2003 to 2017, more than 2.2. million deaths were primarily attributed to chronic lung disease (51.6% female, 92.4% white). Most were attributed to COPD (88.9%), followed by ILD (10.8.%), and CF (0.3%). Hospital and nursing facility deaths declined from 44.4% (n= 59,470) and 22.6% (n= 30,285) to 28.3% (n= 49,6555) and 19.7% (n= 34,495) while home and hospice facility deaths increased from 23.3% (n=31,296) and 0.1% (n=192) to 34.7% (n=60851) and 9.0% (n=15,861) respectively. Male sex, being married, and having some college education were associated with increased odds of home death while non-white race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with increased odds of hospital death. Compared to decedents with COPD, individuals with ILD and CF had increased odds of hospital death and reduced odds of home, nursing facility or hospice facility death. Interpretation Home deaths are increasing among decedents from chronic lung disease increasing the need for quality end-of-life care in this setting. Further research should explore the end-of-life needs and preferences of these patients and their caregivers with particular attention paid to patients with ILD and CF who continue to have high rates of hospital death.