Renal transplantation into optimized abnormal lower urinary tract – Impact on graft outcomes, patient survival, and complications

Introduction: Literature regarding the outcomes of renal transplant in patients with abnormal lower urinary tracts (LUTs) is conflicting. The study aimed to determine the graft outcomes and complications of renal transplantation in an optimized abnormal LUT as compared to those with a normal LUT. Materials and Methods: In this single-center retrospective-matched cohort study, we identified 31 patients with an optimized abnormal LUT in our transplant database between 2006 and 2016 (Group A) and selected an equal number of matched controls (Group B). The primary outcome was graft survival, and secondary outcomes were overall survival and complications. Results: The median age was 24 years (range: 12–45), and the median duration of follow-up was 36 months in both groups. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, the estimated mean graft survival was 106 months (confidence interval [CI]: 91-120) in Group A versus 128 months (CI:117-139) in Group B ( P = 0.47, log-rank analysis). On subgroup analysis of Group A, augmented bladders had the poorest mean survival (81 months, CI: 56–106), P = 0.09). The mean estimated patient survival was comparable between Group A and B (109 months, CI: 96–122 versus 139 months, CI: 134–144), P = 0.13). Infective complications (27 episodes vs. 1) and re-admissions (77 vs. 30) were significantly higher in Group A ( P = 0.04 and P P = 0.033, odds ratio: 5). Conclusions: The graft and overall survival was comparable at 3 years in both groups. Infective complications were higher in Group A.