Roux-en-Y gastric bypass improves hepatic mitochondrial function in obese rats

Abstract Background Obesity-related fatty liver disease is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) regulates mitochondrial function and is a transcriptor of multiple genes that produce antioxidants. Because Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) improves fatty liver and decreases the oxidative stress in the liver, we hypothesized that RYGB activates Nrf2 and increases cytochrome C oxidase subunit II (COX-II) in the liver of obese rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. The obese rats underwent either RYGB (n = 20) or a sham operation (n = 20). The tissues were harvested 13 weeks postoperatively. The nuclear fraction and mitochondrial extracts were used for protein analysis with immunoblotting. Immunostaining was done on liver sections for COX-II, Nrf2, and the macrophage marker ED2 and F4/80. The gels were quantified using densitometry; P ≤ .05 was considered significant. Results RYGB increased COX-II expression in the liver sections (3330 ± 56 versus 2056 ± 37 for RYGB versus sham, P P P Conclusions Diet-induced fatty liver is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. RYGB increases COX-II, which is involved in mitochondrial respiration, and increases the nuclear translocation of the Nrf2 transcriptional factor, which is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Taken together, these data suggest that surgically induced weight loss is associated with improved mitochondrial function in obese rats.