Dependence of auditory spatial updating on vestibular, proprioceptive, and efference copy signals

Comparison of updating performance across active, passive, and cancellation head movement conditions reveals that vestibular signals dominate auditory spatial updating. However, neck proprioceptive and/or efference copy signals also play a role and appear to be responsible for inaccurate updating during normal active head turns, consistent with overestimation of head turn angle.