The effects of bifrontal stroke during childhood on visual attention: Evidence from children with sickle cell anemia

Recent studies indicate that the neural systems underlying the development of visual attention may differ from the systems subserving attention in adulthood. Our study examined the effects of early brain injury on attentional operations. A covert orienting task (Posner, Cohen, & Rafal, 1982) was administered to 29 children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), 17 of whom had experienced stroke (6 bifrontal and 11 diffuse), and 20 siblings without SCA. Children with bifrontal injury showed lateralized impairment in early‐stage attentional processing, consisting of faster reaction times to targets in the left visual field that were preceded by invalid cues. These results were similar to findings in a previous study of children with bifrontal perinatal injury (Craft, White, & Park, 1994). In contrast, children with diffuse lesions showed exaggerated increases in reaction time for invalidly cued targets in both visual fields. The performance of SCA children without strokes was similar to that of sibling control subj...