Molecular Typing of Listeria monocytogenes IVb Serogroup Isolated from Food and Food Production Environments in Poland

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens that may be present in food and in food processing environments. In the present study, 91 L. monocytogenes isolates of serogroup IVb from raw meat, ready-to-eat food and food production environments in Poland were characterized by whole genome sequencing (WGS). The strains were also compared, using core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis, with 186 genomes of L. monocytogenes recovered worldwide from food, environments, and from humans with listeriosis. The L. monocytogenes examined belonged to three MLST clonal complexes: CC1 (10; 11.0% isolates), CC2 (70; 76.9%), and CC6 (11; 12.1%). CC1 comprised of two STs (ST1 and ST515) which could be divided into five cgMLST, CC2 covered two STs (ST2 and ST145) with a total of 20 cgMLST types, whereas CC6 consisted of only one ST (ST6) classified as one cgMLST. WGS sequences of the tested strains revealed that they had several pathogenic markers making them potentially hazardous for public health. Molecular comparison of L. monocytogenes strains tested in the present study with those isolated from food and human listeriosis showed a relationship between the isolates from Poland, but not from other countries.