Simple and Fast Size Exclusion Chromatography-based Protocol to Isolate Human Plasma-derived Extracellular Vesicles for Transcriptional Research

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures that protect RNAs from damage when circulating in complex biological fluids, such as plasma. RNAs are extremely specific to health and disease being powerful tools for diagnosis, treatment response monitoring and development of new therapeutic strategies for several diseases. In this context, EVs are potential sources of disease biomarkers and promising delivery vehicles. However, standardized and reproducible EV isolation protocols easy to implement in clinical practice are missing. Here, a size exclusion chromatography-based protocol for EV-isolation from human plasma was optimized. We propose a workflow to isolate EVs for transcriptional research that allows concomitant analysis of particle number and size, total protein, and quantification of a major plasma contaminant. This protocol yields 7.54x109 ± 1.22x108 particles, quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis, with a mean size of 115.7 ± 11.12 nm and a mode size of 83.13 ± 4.72 nm, in a ratio of 1.19x1010 ± 7.38x109 particles/μg of protein, determined by microBCA, and 3.09 ± 0.7 ng RNA, assessed by fluorescence-based RNA-quantitation, from only 900 μL of plasma. The protocol is fast, easy to implement and has potential for application in biomarkers research, therapeutic strategies development and clinical practice.