Association of magnesium intake with type 2 diabetes and total stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The detailed associations between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and total stroke and magnesium intake as well as the dose-response trend should be updated in a timely manner. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analyses. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were rigorously searched from inception to 15 March 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Prospective cohort studies investigating these two diseases were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Relative risk (RR) and 95% CI in random effects models as well as absolute risk (AR) were pooled to calculate the risk of T2D and stroke. Methodological quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Forty-one studies involving 53 cohorts were included. The magnitude of the risk was significantly reduced by 22% for T2D (RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.81); p /=25 mg/m(2) body mass index and those with >/=12-year follow-up; the reduced risk in Asians was not as notable as that in North American and European populations. CONCLUSIONS: Magnesium intake has significantly inverse associations with T2D and total stroke in a dose-dependent manner. Feasible magnesium-rich dietary patterns may be highly beneficial for specific populations and could be highlighted in the primary T2D and total stroke prevention strategies disseminated to the public. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018092690.