Plasma density gradients at the edge of polar ionospheric holes: the presence and absence of phase scintillation

Abstract. Polar holes were observed in the high-latitude ionosphere during a series of multi-instrument case studies close to the northern hemisphere winter solstice in 2014 and 2015. These holes were observed during geomagnetically quiet conditions and under a range of solar activities using the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) Svalbard Radar (ESR) and measurements from Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) satellites. Steep electron density gradients have been associated with phase scintillation in previous studies, however, no enhanced scintillation was detected within the electron density gradients at these boundaries. It is suggested that the lack of phase scintillation may be due to low plasma density levels and a lack of intense particle precipitation. It may be that both significant electron density gradients and that plasma density levels above a certain threshold are required for scintillation to occur.