Influence of Cooling Medium Flow Character on the Operation of Heat Exchangers with Steam Condensation Inside Tubes

The influence of the character of cooling medium motion in a heat exchanging apparatus on the process of steam condensation in the latter is considered in the cases of cross flow past a tube bank in the apparatus, longitudinal flow past tubes in the bank in the regimes of forward flow and countercurrent flow, superheated steam condensation, and of nonuniform distribution of the cooling medium in different zones of the apparatus. It has been established that in the case of cross flow past the first rows of the tube bank, cooling medium zones with reduced heat transfer efficiency appear in the apparatus. The dependence of the pressure losses by the steam, which condenses in a heat exchanger in regimes of countercurrent flow, forward flow, and cross flow, is investigated. Experimental data on the superheated steam temperature have been obtained and generalized. The positive influence of the throttle on the line of removal of the steam–air mixture to a steam–jet ejector in nonuniform cooling of the parallel channels of the condenser has been established experimentally, and the presence of the optimal size of the throttle on the line of removal of noncondensing gases has been confirmed.