Global estimates of carbon monoxide emissions from 1960 to 2013

The quantification of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions is necessary for atmospheric research and has been studied extensively. Aiming to build an inventory with both high spatial resolution and detailed source information, this study estimated the monthly nation-level CO emissions from 79 major sources from 1960 to 2013, based on which a 0.1° × 0.1° gridded emission map was developed for 2011 using a recent energy product. The high sectorial resolution of this inventory can help scientists to study the influence of socioeconomic development on emissions, help decision makers to formulate abatement strategies, and potentially benefit emission-reduction scenario modeling and cost-benefit analysis. Our estimate for 2011 was 888.17 Tg (745.67 Tg–1112.80 Tg), with a much higher contribution from anthropogenic activities (68 %) than wildfire and deforestation (32 %). The anthropogenic emissions in recent years were dominated by developing countries due to the continuously increasing industrial production intensity and/or population explosion. Further discussion of the spatial and temporal variation of emissions was conducted, and a decreased emission intensity was observed, which was attributed to related policies and technological progress.