Evaluación del programa de refuerzo PROA. ¿Es realmente una medida eficiente?

Programmes of reinforcement are expanding rapidly but evidence on their effects is limited. Using rich data from PIRLS 2006 and PISA 2006 we constructed a pseudo panel which allows us to evaluated the impact of PROA on secundary . We identify PROA´s effects by comparing differences in outcome between primary and secondary school across tracked and non-tracked systems. The results suggest that PROA increase educational equality. Moreover, this programme of reinforcement not only affects people who participates, unless it affects too all class, because it implies beneficial peer effect. Finally, we find some evidence that PROA have possitive effects on non congnitive skills, like interest and motivation.