Estudio microfacial, mineralógico, geoquímico e isotópico de la formación San Felipe (Cretácico Superior), Noreste de México.

2018 
La Formacion San Felipe (espesor total 130 m; Santoniano – Campaniano) es una unidad litologica, incluida en la columna estratigrafica de la Sierra Madre Oriental, NE de Mexico, que consiste en caliza que varia de packstone-wackestone a mudstone de color gris claro a obscuro (espesor de las capas 20-100 cm), constituida por calcita, cuarzo e illita, con foraminiferos planctonicos, radiolarios y calciesferas, caracteristicos del Cretacico Superior, la cual se transforma con el ascenso estratigrafico en lutita (espesor <5 cm), constituida por calcita, cuarzo, albita, e illita. Al mismo tiempo que ocurrio este proceso de sedimentacion, fueron incorporadas cenizas volcanicas de composicion felsica que se consolidaron en estratos de toba de lapilli (n  14; espesor <30 cm). Estos se caracterizan por una matriz vitreo-arcillosa (que incluye principalmente illita y clorita) en la que se encuentran embebidos microcristales de cuarzo, feldespato de potasio, plagioclasa sodica, biotita y circon. En este trabajo, a partir del analisis de informacion microfacial, mineralogica, geoquimica e isotopica de Nd para muestras representativas de todas las litologias, se propone un modelo preliminar integral de sedimentacion y diagenesis para un afloramiento de la Formacion San Felipe ubicado en la localidad Puerto Pastores, Galeana, N.L. De acuerdo con las caracteristicas de los carbonatos, el proceso de sedimentacion tuvo lugar en un ambiente de plataforma de mar abierto a margen profundo de la plataforma (3500 – 800 m). De acuerdo con la geoquimica de elementos inmoviles y relaciones isotopicas Sm-Nd, la lutita San Felipe corresponde principalmente a una grauwaca que procede de una fuente ignea felsica y/o sedimentaria cuarzosa asociada a arcos continentales y fuerte afinidad a la corteza continental (TNd = 41.8 a 698.3 Ma; ƐNd(0) = -6.2 a -0.1). Considerando sus caracteristicas petrograficas y geoquimicas, el material vulcano-sedimentario corresponde a riolita-riodacita que procede de una actividad volcanica que ocurrio aproximadamente entre 84.6 y 73.7 Ma, como resultado de la fusion parcial de corteza continental en un arco continental. El transporte y deposito de las cenizas tuvieron lugar en un periodo relativamente corto. ABSTRACT The San Felipe Formation (total thickness ~130 m, Santonian - Campanian) is a lithological unit, included in the stratigraphic column of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Northeastern Mexico, consisting of packstone-wackestone varying to mudstone carbonate from light to dark gray (thickness 20-100 cm), constituted by calcite, quartz and illite with characteristical Upper Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera, radiolarians and calcispheres, which was paulatined transformed in shale (thickness <5 cm) with the stratigraphic rise, constituted by calcite, quartz, albite, and illite. At the same time of this sedimentation process occurred, felsic volcanic ash was incorporated and consolidated as lapilli tuff layers (n <14, thickness <30 cm). These are characterized by a vitreous-clayey matrix (which mainly includes illite and chlorite) in which are embedded microcrystals of quartz, potassium feldespar, sodium plagioclase, biotite, and zircon. In this work, based on the systematic analysis of microfacial, mineralogical, geochemical and Nd isotopic information for representative samples of all lithologies, an integral preliminary model of sedimentation and diagenesis is proposed for a San Felipe Formation outcrop located in Puerto Pastores, Galeana, Nuevo Leon. According to the features of the carbonates, the sedimentation process took place in an open sea platform to the deep margin of the platform (3500 - 800 m). Based on the immobile elements geochemistry and Sm-Nd isotopic ratios, the San Felipe shale corresponds mainly to grauwaca that comes from an igneous felsic and/or quartzose sedimentary source linked to with continental arc setting and with a strong affinity to the continental crust (TNd = 41.8 a 698.3 Ma; ƐNd(0) = -6.2 a -0.1). Considering the petrographic and geochemical features the volcano-sedimentary material corresponds to rhyolite-riodacite, produced from a volcanic activity that occurred between 84.6 and 73.7 Ma, as result of the continental crust partial melting in a continental arc. The transport and deposit of the volcanic ash took place in a relatively short period.
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