Application of a Sex Pheromone, Pheromone Analogs, and Verticillium lecanii for Management of Heterodera glycines

A mutant strain of the fungus Verticillium lecanii and selected bioregulators of Heterodera glycines were evaluated for their potential to reduce population densities of the nematode on soybean under greenhouse conditions. The bioregulators tested were the H. glycines sex pheromone vanillic acid and the pheromone analogs syringic acid, isovanillic acid, ferulic acid, 4-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzonitrile, and methyl vanillate. A V. lecanii-vanillic acid combination and a V. lecanii- syringic acid combination were also applied as treatments. Syringic acid, 4-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzonitrile, V. lecanii, V. lecanii-vanillic acid, and V. lecanii-syringic acid significantly re- duced nematode population densities in the greenhouse tests. Results with vanillic acid, isovanillic acid, and ferulic acid treatments were variable. Methyl vanillate did not significantly reduce cyst nematode population densities in the greenhouse tests.