Influencia de la obesidad en las técnicas de reproducción asistida

espanolAntecedentes: En la actualidad, existe un alto numero de personas afectadas por infertilidad, siendo cada vez mas necesarias las Tecnicas de Reproduccion Asistida (TRA). En general, la obesidad en relacion con la morbilidad reproductiva esta asociada al incremento del Indice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Un aumento por encima de 25 kg/m2 se asocia con un aumento de los trastornos reproductivos. Objetivo: Analizar la relacion entre la obesidad y los resultados de las TRA. Metodologia: Se llevo a cabo un diseno no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, mediante un analisis de datos secundarios del centro Ginemed Sevilla. Se analizaron las historias clinicas de mujeres sometidas a TRA de fecundacion in vitro, entre 2015-2018. De un total de 5.651 historias, tras los criterios de inclusion, finalmente se seleccionaron 3.273. Se recogieron datos de filiacion e inicio del tratamiento, datos antropometricos, consumo de alcohol y tabaco, antecedentes personales, enfermedades actuales, esterilidad primaria, esterilidad secundaria, asi como los parametros referentes a los resultados tras tratamiento de reproduccion asistida. El analisis estadistico se realizo mediante el software SPSS-V25. Resultados: La edad media fue de 37 anos (desviacion tipica 4,23), el IMC fue de 23,2. El 48,9% tenian baja reserva ovarica. El 22,3% de las mujeres consumian alcohol, de estas el 74,20% tenian normopeso y el 48,30% tenian baja reserva ovarica. El 17,8% eran fumadoras, de las cuales, el 72,5% tenian normopeso y el 48,8% tenian baja reserva ovarica. El 85% de las mujeres no padecian ninguna enfermedad actual de interes. Las enfermedades mas prevalente fueron las endocrinologicas (7,30%) y las ginecologicas (6,10%). La tasa de fecundacion fue mayor en el grupo obesidad (63,98%). Conclusiones: No se hallaron diferencias significativas en cuanto al consumo de alcohol y de tabaco en relacion con el IMC, aunque hubo unos minimos mejores resultados en mujeres no fumadoras. Se ha encontrado una mayor tasa de fecundacion en el grupo de obesidad, aunque el tamano de la muestra de este grupo ha sido muy inferior a la del grupo normopeso. EnglishBackground: Nowadays, there is a large number of people affected with infertility and the assisted reproduction techniques are becoming increasingly needed (ART). In general, the relation between reproductive morbidity and obesity is related to an increase in the Body Mass Index (BMI). An increase above 25 kg/m2 is associated to a higher risk of reproductive disorders. Objective: To analyse the relation between obesity and the results of the ART. Methods: A non-experimental, transversal, descriptive and correlational design was performed, through an analysis of secondary data of Ginemed Sevilla center. Medical histories of women treated with in vitro fertilisation ART between 2015-2018 were analysed. 5.651 histories were considered, and 3.273 were selected after apply the inclusion criteria. The data gathered was affiliation details, treatment beginning date, anthropometrics, alcohol and tobacco consumption, personal background, current diseases, primary and secondary sterility and parameters related to ART treatment results. The statistical analysis was performed with the software SPSS-V25. Results: The average age was 37 years old (standard deviation 4.23), BMI was 23.24, 48.9% of the women had poor ovarian reserve. 22.3% of the women consumed alcohol, 74.20% of these women had a normal weight and 48.30% had poor ovarian reserve. 17.8% of the women were regular smokers, 72.5% of these women had normal weight and 48.8% had poor ovarian reserve. 85% of the women had no significant medical history. The most prevalent diseases were endocrine disease (7.30%) and gynaecological disease (6.10%). The fertility rates were higher in the obesity group. Conclusions: No significant differences were found on alcohol and tobacco consumption in relation to BMI. Minimal improvements were found in non-smoking women. A highest rate of fertilization was found in obesity group, although the sample obesity group size was less than the normal weight group size.