Comparative pharmacokinetics of chlortetracycline, tetracycline, minocycline and tigecycline in broiler chickens

Abstract Tetracyclines continue to be important antimicrobials in veterinary medicine. However, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tigecycline (TIG) and minocycline (MIN) in broiler chickens has not been investigated to date, and the PK of chlortetracycline (CTC) and tetracycline (TET) remains insufficiently researched, especially in terms of absorption. These antimicrobials have never been compared in a single setting in a single species; therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the PK of TIG, MIN, CTC and TET in broiler chickens. Each drug (10 mg/kg) was administered intravenously (IV) and orally (PO). The plasma concentrations of each drug were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the results were analyzed using compartmental and non-compartmental PK models. Despite the fact that all of the studied antimicrobials were administered at an identical IV dose, the area under the concentration-time curve between 0 and the last sampling point (AUC0→t) for MIN (35014 ± 3274 μg×h/mL) and CTC (41851 ± 10965 μg×h/mL) differed significantly from that determined for TIG (18866 ± 4326 μg×h/mL) and TET (17817 ± 4469 μg×h/mL). After IV administration, the values of AUC0→t were also directly related to total body clearance values which were significantly higher for TIG (0.56 ± 0.14 L/h×kg) and TET (0.60 ± 0.14 L/h×kg) than for CTC (0.25 ± 0.05 L/h×kg) and MIN (0.29 ± 0.03 L/h×kg). In turn, after PO administration, TIG was absorbed in only 1.55% ± 0.82, CTC – in 30.54% ± 6.99, whereas the bioavailability of MIN and TET was relatively high at 52.33% ± 3.92 and 56.45% ± 9.71, respectively. The differences in PK parameters between these drugs, despite their structural similarities, suggest that active transport mechanisms may play a role in their absorption and distribution.