1,2,3,4,6 penta-O -galloyl-β-D-glucose modulates perivascular inflammation and prevents vascular dysfunction in angiotensin II-induced hypertension.

Background and Purpose: Hypertension is a multifactorial disease, manifested by vascular dysfunction, increased superoxide production and perivascular inflammation. In this study, we have hypothesized that 1,2,3,4,6 Penta‐O‐Galloyl‐β‐D‐Glucose (PGG) would inhibit vascular inflammation and protect from vascular dysfunction in an experimental model of hypertension. Experimental Approach: PGG was administered every two days in a dose of 10 mg·kg‐1 i.p during 14‐days of Ang II infusion and was used in a final concentration of 20 μM for in vitro studies. Key Results: Ang II administration increased leukocyte and T cell content in perivascular adipose tissue (pVAT) and administration of PGG significantly decreased total leukocyte and T cell infiltration in pVAT (1640±150 vs. 1028±57, p<0.01; 321±22 vs 158±18, cells/mg; p<0.01, respectively). This effect was observed in relation to all T cell subsets. PGG also decreased the content of T cells bearing CD25, CCR5 and CD44 receptors and the expression of both MCP‐1 in aorta and RANTES in pVAT. PGG administration decreased the content of TNF+ and IFN‐γ+ CD8 T cells and IL‐17A+ CD4+ and CD3+CD4‐CD8‐ cells. Importantly, these effects of PGG were associated with improved vascular function and decreased ROS production in the aortas of Ang II‐infused animals independently of blood pressure increase. Mechanistically, PGG (20 μM) directly inhibited CD25 and CCR5 expression in cultured T cells. It also decreased the content of IFN‐γ+ by CD8+ and CD3+CD4‐CD8‐ cells and IL‐17A+ by CD3+CD4‐CD8‐ cells. Conclusion and Implication: PGG may constitute an interesting immunomodulating strategy in the regulation of vascular dysfunction and hypertension.