Treatment outcomes in individuals diagnosed with comorbid opioid use disorder and Posttraumatic stress disorder: A review.

Abstract Objectives Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a public health emergency. Evidence suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common among individuals with OUD; however, few studies evaluate whether concurrent diagnoses affect treatment outcomes. This review examines the impact of concurrent diagnoses of OUD and PTSD on treatment outcomes. Methods A search was performed using articles identified through June 30, 2020 in PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE. Included peer-reviewed articles evaluated individuals with OUD and a PTSD diagnosis via standardized assessment and/or medical record diagnoses, and reported relationships between diagnosis and treatment outcomes and/or other psychiatric conditions. Results Out of 412 articles, 17 studies met inclusion criteria for this review (from 13 databases). Articles included had a total of n = 2190 with OUD, with n = 79 non-OUD comparison participants. Studies examining individuals with OUD revealed comorbid PTSD was associated with more severe addiction, higher rates of depression, attempted suicide, and psychosocial problems. Conclusions Among individuals with OUD, presence of PTSD is associated with multiple mental health problems. The impact of PTSD on drug use is inconclusive. Although only 5 studies examined psychosocial PTSD treatment, all found PTSD-focused treatment to be effective for those with comorbid OUD. Overall, results suggest the need to better identify PTSD among those with OUD, and to develop and evaluate interventions that are brief, integrative, and easy to implement in clinical settings.