Exploration on scientific connotation of TCM syndromes and recommended prescriptions against COVID-19 based on TCMTP V2.0

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted great attentions from the whole world Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used and shown satisfying efficacies in treating all stages of COVID-19 In this study, the molecular interaction networks of different stages of COVID-19 (the early, severe, critical and recovery stage) were constructed using the links among symptoms-related genes collected from TCMIP V2 0 (http://www tcmip cn/), an integrated pharmacology network-computing platform for TCM Following the network topological feature calculation and functional enrichment analysis, we found that the molecular targets and pathways related with the "immune-inflammation system" were involved throughout all the stages of COVID-19 The severe stage and the critical period of COVID-19 were occupied by a large proportion of inflammatory factors and pathways, suggesting that there might be a cytokine storm in these periods, along with respiratory disorders, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, nervous system disorders, etc Accordingly, the therapeutic targets and pathways hit by the recommended prescriptions against COVID-19 were also aimed to regulate the balance of immune-inflammation system, nutrient absorption and metabolism, abnormal energy metabolism, the cardio-pulmonary function, nerve system function, etc , which may be related to the therapeutic effects of these prescriptions in terms of several clinical symptoms, such as expiratory dyspnea, chest tightness and shortness of breath, abdominal distension and constipation, sweating and limb cold, dizziness, and irritability, etc The above findings reflect the integrative actions of TCM characterizing by multiple-components, multiple-targets, multiple-pathways, and multiple-effects This study systematically constructed the molecular networks of different TCM syndromes during the development and progression of COVID-19 and uncovered the biological basis for symptomatic treatment of TCM Furthermore, our data revealed the pharmacological mechanisms and the scientific connotation of recommended prescriptions, which may provide supports for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 using TCM