Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Treated with Transarterial Yttrium-90 Glass Microsphere Radioembolization: Results of a Single Institution Retrospective Study

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transarterial yttrium-90 glass microsphere radioembolization in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Materials and Methods Retrospective review of 85 consecutive patients (41 men and 44 women; age, 73.4 ± 9.3 years) was performed. Survival data were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression models, and the log-rank test. Results Median overall survival (OS) from diagnosis was 21.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.6–28.4); median OS from radioembolization was 12.0 months (95% CI: 8.0–15.2). Seven episodes of severe toxicity occurred. At 3 months, 6.2% of patients had partial response, 64.2% had stable disease, and 29.6% had progressive disease. Median OS from radioembolization was significantly longer in patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0 and 1 than patients with an ECOG score of 2 (18.5 vs 5.5 months, P  = .0012), and median OS from radioembolization was significantly longer in patients with well-differentiated histology than patients with poorly differentiated histology (18.6 vs 9.7 months, P  = .012). Patients with solitary tumors had significantly longer median OS from radioembolization than patients with multifocal disease (25 vs. 6.1 months, P  = .006). The absence of extrahepatic metastasis was associated with significantly increased median OS (15.2 vs. 6.8 months, P  = .003). Increased time from diagnosis to radioembolization was a negative predictor of OS. The morphology of the tumor (mass-forming or infiltrative, hyper- or hypo-enhancing) had no effect on survival. Post-treatment increased cancer antigen 19-9 level, increased international normalized ratio, decreased albumin, increased bilirubin, increased aspartate aminotransferase, and increased Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score were significant predictors of decreased OS. Conclusions These data support the therapeutic role of radioembolization for the treatment of unresectable ICC with good efficacy and an acceptable safety profile.