On the constitutive equations for cyclic plasticity under nonproportional loading

Abstract Experimental results on 316 stainless steel, at room temperature, under strain controled axial-torsion loadings, point out a large difference in strengthening between proportional and nonproportional loadings. The maximum difference is produced by 90° out of phase straining. In this paper we discuss the possibility of describing this additional hardening, without any new internal variable, by only modifying the expression for the yield criterion.