Amelioration of salvianolic acid C on aortic structure in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice treated with angiotension II.

Abstract Aims Aortic aneurysm is a disastrous vascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-9, is implicated in the development of aortic aneurysm, but the effective MMP inhibitors are far from development. To develop new candidate compound for aortic aneurysm therapy, we evaluated the effects of salvianolic acid C (SalC) against the formation of aortic aneurysm. Materials and methods Aortic aneurysm was induced by implantation of angiotension II (AngII) minipump in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE −/− ) mice. MMPs activity was evaluated by enzyme kinetic analysis in vitro and in-gel gelatin zymography in vivo. The formation of aortic aneurysm was confirmed based on aortic maximum diameter. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was used to evaluate aortic structure, picrosirius red stain was for collagen deposition, and orcein stain was for elastin fragmentation. Macrophage infiltration was detected by CD68 immunohistochemistry. Key findings Firstly, SalC showed significant inhibition on the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Aortic aneurysm was defined as > 50% increase in maximum diameter of aorta, and the down-regulated tendency of 20 mg/kg SalC against formation of aortic aneurysm was detected. Also, 22.2% rupture was detected in ApoE −/− mice, while no rupture of aortic aneurysm was found with 20 mg/kg SalC treatment. Then, SalC was detected to maintain the integrity of aortic structure and protect elastin against fragmentation. Finally, SalC considerably inhibited infiltration of macrophage in the injury site of aorta. Significance SalC significantly ameliorated the progression of aortic aneurysm in ApoE −/− mice, and held great potential for aortic aneurysm therapy.