Mosteiros e conventos no Portugal Medieval

catalaE objetivo deste texto analisar a presenca e as logicas de implantacao das diversas ordens e movimentos religiosos no territorio portugues desde as ultimas decadas do seculo XI ate as primeiras do seculo XVI, materializando distintas opcoes e vivencias espirituais. Implantados inicialmente nas areas rurais do Noroeste, mas acompanhando para Sul o avanco dos exercitos cristaos, Beneditinos e Cluniacenses, mais tarde Cistercienses, Conegos Regrantes de Santo Agostinho e Ordens Militares, nao so apoiaram espiritualmente a monarquia, a nobreza e o povo, como ajudaram a conquistar, povoar e desenvolver economicamente o reino em formacao. A partir dos inicios do seculo XIII, serao os Mendicantes e outras ordens como a dos Eremitas de Sao Paulo a responderem aos anseios do laicado de um mundo urbano mais rico, mas tambem mais desigual, que nao cessara de gerar experiencias de vida religiosa mais radicais. Depois de quase uma centuria de estagnacao, as fundacoes recomecarao em forca nos finais do seculo XIV, ganhando todo o reino e as ilhas atlânticas que se vao descobrindo, devido ao movimento de reforma que se apoderou das ordens antigas e ao surgimento de novas ordens, como as dos Conegos de Sao Joao Evangelista. EnglishThis text analyses the spatial distribution of religious orders and movements in the Portuguese territory from the last decades of the eleventh century to the first decades of the sixteenth century, as well as the different forms of spirituality that resulted from them. First established in rural areas of the northwest and soon following the southward advance of Christian armies, Benedictines and Cluniacs, and later Cistercians, Regular Canons of Saint Augustine and Military Orders, not only spiritually supported monarchy, nobility and common people, but also helped to conquer, populate and develop the burgeoning kingdom. From the beginning of the thirteenth century onwards, Mendicants and other orders such as the Hermits of Saint Paul would respond to the wishes of the laity living in a richer but also more unequal urban world, a laity that kept promoting more radical religious experiences. After almost a century of stagnation, foundations strongly resumed in the late fourteenth century, expanding over the entire kingdom and the Atlantic islands that were being discovered at the time due to both the movement of reform that took over the old orders and the emergence of new ones, such as the Canons of St. John the Evangelist.