A comparative study on the effect of music and a combination of music and yoga interventions on the psycho-physiological parameters of cardiac patients posted for angiography

Background and Objectives Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography often experience high levels of anxiety and physiological disturbances. Music interventions have been found to be effective in bringing down the anxiety and reducing the physiological disturbances for these patients. However, the efficacy of the combination of music and yoga interventions for pre-procedural anxiety and physiological disturbances needs to be studied. We aimed in this study to compare the effect of music intervention with the combination of music and yoga interventions to impact the psychophysiological responses like anxiety, blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate of patients who were posted for coronary angiography Methods and Procedures A total of 45 patients who were posted for coronary angiography were included in the study and randomly divided into three groups. Music group ( n=15) received music listening intervention in the form listening to pre-recorded preferred relaxation music for 15 minutes 1) on the previous day of angiography and 2) 15 minutes before being taken to the catheterization lab on the day of the angiography. The combination of music and the yoga group received both the music listening intervention and yoga intervention in the form of Pranava pranayama both together for 15 minutes. The control group received only the standard treatment.  The state anxiety was measured by a five-point single item Likert scale and the physiological measures such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP),   pulse rate (PR) and respiratory rate (RR)  all recorded by the investigator who was a qualified music therapist Results Paired t-tests revealed that both music and the combination of music and yoga interventions resulted in within the group significant reduction in anxiety and respiratory rate and music listening group recorded significant reduction in SBP, DBP, PR  and RR scores during the period of intervention.  Repeated measures ANOVA pairwise comparisons of music and music and yoga groups indicated significant reduction in the pulse rate between the pairs pre-day 1 and post day 1 with the p-value of 0.12 in the music group and a significant reduction of respiratory rate with the p-value of 0.037 between the pre-day 1 and the post day 2 scores and in the music and yoga group, the respiratory rate recorded significant reduction in both the pairs pre-day 1 of angiography and post day 1 of angiography and similarly pre-day 1 and post day 2 scores to be 0.045 and o.003 respectively. Conclusion  Our findings indicate that music Intervention as a stand-alone adjunct therapy can bring down the anxiety levels and reduce the physiological disturbances of patients posted for angiography. However, the combination of music and yoga interventions could also be beneficial in bringing down the state anxiety and improve the deep breathing pattern for these patients posted for angiography. More studies are needed to evaluate the combination of music and yoga interventions